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Most of the Web search engines were developed in the United States and designed for information retrieval (IR) in the English language. With the exponential expansion of the World Wide Web, IR in languages other than English has become increasingly important. Arabic is a language that has been experiencing immense growth on the
internet. Many studies have evaluated the IR capabilities of both Arabic and multilingual search engines, but most of the studies are around 15 years old. No recent study has examined present-day search engines with respect to Arabic IR and drawn a parallel to past research. This is where this paper focuses: the first section compares IR
search results from 2004 and March 2014 from the three market-dominant search engines Google, Bing and Yahoo Maktoob. Along with an analysis of indexed keywords on the first search results page, this section compares present and past IR performance and investigates how indexing and stemming have changed over this decade. The second section of this paper investigates how the search engines deal with spelling variants of transliterated foreign names, different types of common misspellings, and improper word division, as well as the typographical effect of the Kashida. The section also gives attention to the availability and efficiency of search support tools, such as autocorrection
and auto-suggestion.

information retrieval, Arabic, search engine, stemming, indexing

In the era of economic globalization, family businesses are unquestionably the most important and most common type of business organizations around the world and the same phenomenon exists in Taiwan. The main purpose of this study is to certify and realize the effects of employees’ organizational citizenship behavior on organizational
performance in Taiwan-listed family businesses by using organizational commitment as the mediator. Simple random sampling is adopted to extract samples from the population whereas linear structure equation modeling (SEM) is applied to certify the validity of the overall model fit as well as the fit of the structural model and measurement model. These results show: (1) the effect of organizational citizenship behavior on organizational performance is positive but insignificant; (2) the effect of organizational citizenship behavior on organizational commitment is positive and significant; and (3) the effect of organizational commitment on organizational performance is positive. These indicate that the mediation effect of organizational commitment is absolute. Hence, the results of this study can not only help managers of Taiwan-listed family businesses understand the importance of employees’ organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment and the benefits which bring but also serve as references for other related businesses in operational decision making.

Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Organizational Performance, Organizational Commitment,Family Businesses

This paper presents the need of an organization like educational institution to redefine its strategy to address the HRM changes due to globalization. The HRM practices in the said organization were discussed and the different challenges/problems with each functions. The factors to be considered before adoption to e-HRM were discussed to
determine the level of implementation to this technology. The identification of the level of implementation will be useful to plan the adoption of the technology according to the need of the organization that can lead to the achievement of organization’s goal.

Electronic Human Resource Management (e-HRM), e-HRM adoption

Oyeniyi James Ogunrewo, K.S. Osundina, Joseph Adeniyi Kolawole and Joshua Adediji Abolaji

This study investigated the influence of information use and demographic characteristics on career choice of adolescent students in Nigeria. A correlation research design was used and 15% representing 1,922 SS3 students of 14,414 adolescent students were sampled from 48 public senior secondary schools in South-West Nigeria. The survey instruments titled "Influence of Information Use, Demographic Factors and Career Choice Questionnaire" (IIUDF-CCQ) were administered. Data generated were analysed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Pearson Moment Correlation and Regression analysis. The findings revealed that information use (r= .461, P(.000)<.01), sex (r=.673, p(.000)<.01), parent education (r=.514, p(.000)<.01) and parental occupation (r= .501, p(.000)<.01) were strongly and
positively related with career choice of adolescent students while religion (r= -.325, p(.02)<.05) and family structure (r= -.214, p(.000)<.01) are negatively related with career choice of adolescents. Finding also revealed that career information sources used and demographic characteristics significantly influence career choice of adolescents in South-West Nigeria (R2= .851, Adj. R2= .848, F = 254.541, P(.00)<0.5).

The study recommended that provision of career services in Nigeria public secondary schools should be arranged and this should be expanded to the adolescent parent. Such provision and expansion should perhaps provide for a separate career centre.

Adolescent students, career choice, career information sources, demographic characteristics

Computer network is a very important issue. We can’t imagine anything without computer network in this modern civilization. But in the network, congestion plays an important role in degrading the performance of the network. So it is important to detect and control the congestion to improve the performance of the computer network. Different factors are responsible for congestion. One of the main important factors is buffer overflow or managing the buffer to hold the packets by hop or router from the source. There may have different techniques in this respect. Burstiness is another cause of congestion, it is used to regulate average rate and burstiness of traffic. The emergency of high speed networks are expected to carry a broad range of traffic (video, audio and data). The variation (i.e., standard deviation) in the packet arrival times is very important to consider. In this paper we have tried to give different solutions by developing different models for different situations of congestion and also tried to analyze those models to give more better ideas for the researchers in IT field.

Token Bucket, Traffic Jam, Average Length Queue, Jitter, Multicasting

Based on the concept of innovative design, this study developed a product with the functions of a ceiling fan and a lamp. The purpose of the innovative research and development was to resolve the problems of the current products and improve their appearances, in hopes of, with improved functions and enhanced aesthetics, creating the warm feeling of home and facilitating interactions among family members, to serve the goal of the innovative research and development of the product.

Ceiling fan, Lamp, Innovative research and development, Product appearance.

Islamic fund is somewhat new phenomena in the financial system of Nigeria. Having noted the behavior of the most of the market participant in Borno State, this study seeks the opinion of the populace Borno state. The objective is to see how willing are the people of the state towards investment in Islamic funds despite the existence of the conventional system of financing. In doing so, a hypothesis was stated and tested by
administering questionnaire on sample selected using stratified sampling method. In all 600 questionnaires was administered. Conclusion was arrived at using the analysis carried out on these responses. The null hypothesis was rejected on testing, an indication that people are willing to invest in Islamic funds.

Mudarib (Entrepreneur), Variable Rate Redeemable Sukuk, Hybrid/Pooled Sukuk,
Equity Fund , Ijarah Fund

Islamic banks in Indonesia were expected to play a bigger role in contributing national economy development. This expectation surely challenged Islamic banking stakeholders and regulators. The crucial key success is to develop the competitive human resource based on Islamic performance. The study aimed to construct a model of Islamic banking human resource and analyse the determinants of Islamic banking human resources performance. The study was a case study in Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM) Indonesia. The the total sample was 248 respondents using purposive sampling approach. The data collected was analyzed using the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to establish indicators which measure the Islamic performance. The result showed that all indicators were significant and valid as to measure KIN. The latent variables (MKI, EXP, LBK, LBP) were valid to measure the construct. Three variables positively impact to Islamic performance (KIN) while one variable (LBP) did not affect significantly. The determinant factors of Islamic banking human resource performance were three, namely: 1) Achievement, 2) Capacity and 3) behaviour.

Human Resource, Islamic Banking, Islamic Performance, and CFA

Corporate financing decisions and corporate governance are quite complex processes and existing theories can at best explain only certain facets of their diversity. The main objective of this paper is to examine the effect of financial leverage on firm financial performance using a sample of manufacturing SMEs in Cameroon. We use the return on equity to measure performance and debt-to-asset ratio to capture leverage. Firm growth rate, tangible assets and firm size are used as control variables in the study. Our results show that leverage is negatively related to performance and support the pecking order hypothesis that firms favor the usage of internal resources and will shy away from external financing as long as they are able to generate enough cash from operations to finance their investment opportunities.

Capital structure, financial leverage, firm performance.

BUILDING OF THE CLUSTER SOFTWARE IN THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO

Alejandro Mungaray, Carlos Flores, Natanael Ramirez, José Aguilar

The economic literature has made clear the benefits of clusters in order to articulate an innovative context and accelerate the growth of the industry. The search for effective strategies for creating clusters remains an elusive goal, so the study of experiences on their construction is important. In this research, the cluster formation of the Information Technology and Communication sector in Baja California, Mexico, is analyzed, from a geographical agglomeration view, the business interaction with the government and its relationship with higher education institutions, through different experiences of cluster formation, driven on a triple helix under the scheme of the regional innovation system promoted by the Science, Technology and Local Innovation Act, which seeks to consolidate different clusters, which would help to competitively articulate the regional economy.

APPLICABILITY OF FORENSIC ACCOUNTING SERVICES FOR FINANCIAL FRAUD DETECTION AND PREVENTION IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR OF NIGERIA

Imam, A , Kumshe, AM, Jajere, MS

The study examines the applicability of forensic accounting services to prevent and detect fraudulent financial practices in the Nigeria Public Sector. In conducting the study, a hypothesis was stated and questionnaire was drawn in line with the hypothesis for testing. The study utilized primary source of data collection. A total of 441 questionnaires were retrieved from public sector accountants and auditors, two anti-graft agencies, four professional accounting associations, the forensic section of the Nigeria Police Force and the Nigeria Bar Association using systematic sampling. Analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, chi-square. The null hypotheses was rejected indicating an acceptance of government’s intention that forensic accounting can be applied for preventing and detecting fraudulent financial practices in the Nigerian public sector. It recommended that forensic accounting be made statutory in the public sector to assist in preventing and detecting fraudulent financial practices. The implication of the findings is that rules and regulations are not in place, and professional ethics of forensic not inexistence in the public sector. There is need to be adopt  forensic accounting services in the public sector.

Forensic Accounting, Nigeria, Public Sector, Fraud Prevention and Fraud Detection