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AGRIBUSINESS BORROWERS’ OPINION ON COMMERCIAL BANKS’ APPLICATION OF FORWARD INTEGRATION CREDIT RISK MITIGATION MECHANISMS (FICRMMS) IN GRANTING CREDITS

BENJAMIN OWUOR OMBOK (PHD) , MOHAMED S. MUKRAS (PROF), ODONDO ALPHONCE (PHD)

The objective of this paper was to establish the agribusiness borrowers’ opinion on commercial banks’ application of Forward Integration Credit Risk Mitigation Mechanisms in granting credits to agribusiness firms. Exposure of borrowers to a heavy risk load, agribusiness role in credit and production market and inadequate information sharing between lenders and borrowers, necessitates lenders’ optimization of borrowers’ opinions on how the lenders apply the Forward Integration Credit Risk Mitigation Mechanisms (FICRMMs) in the design and provision of credit; in such a way that credit default is minimized, credit market is expanded; while the credit products are modeled to be more productive. In addition, the policies on borrowers in credit demand relationships and loan repayments, are designed limited involvement of borrowers-side; which not only disregards the credit demand side information, but also create a disconnect in a productive credit product market operations. There is therefore limited information on the credit risk mitigation effect on credit demand and credit productivity. Using descriptive cross- sectional research design; which is positivist in philosophical orientation, and obtaining data from 43 agribusiness firm managers from the Western Kenya region, it was established that the borrowers’ opinion on the application of FICRMMs’ had an aggregate mean of 2.478; depicting that in the Agribusiness borrowers’ opinion, the commercial banks demonstrate average application of the mechanism. The ANOVA of the Borrowers’ opinion factors on the banks’ application of Forward Integration Credit Risk Mitigation Mechanisms (FICRMMs) reveal, F(42, 5) = 31.710, p = .000, MSerror = 32.167, α = .05. Hence, null hypothesis H0, that borrowers’ opinions have no effect on commercial banks’ application of FICRMMs in granting credits is rejected and alternative hypothesis H1 that borrowers’ opinions have effect on commercial banks’ application of FICRMMs in granting credits is accepted.

Borrowers’ opinion, Forward Integration Credit Risk Mitigation Mechanisms, Credit demand

THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE LOYALTY AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHIVAOR ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: A CASE OF TAIWAN-LISTED FAMILY BUSINESS

YU-JE LEE, I -CHAO LEE AND CHIN-LANG LIN

The purpose of this study is to certify, using organizational commitment as the Dual Mediator, the effects of employee loyalty and organizational citizenship behavior on the organizational performance of Taiwan-listed family businesses. Research subjects and the primary interviewees are the section chiefs and managers of Taiwan-listed family businesses. The sampling method adopted in this study is the Simple Random Sampling method; while Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to certify the overall research model and the fitting effect of its Structural Model and Measurement Model, followed by the use of Sobel Test, Boostrapping, and Mackinnon PRODCLIN2 methods to certify the Dual Mediating effects. The research findings show that, to the Taiwan-listed family businesses: (1) employee loyalty has a significant positive effect on organizational commitment; (2) employee loyalty also has a direct positive, but not significant, effect on organizational performance; (3) organizational commitment has a significant effect on organizational performance; (4) organizational citizenship behavior has a significant positive effect on organizational commitment; and (5) organizational citizenship behavior has a significant effect on organizational performance. The above results show that "organizational commitment" has a "dual" mediating effect, which also implies that organizational commitment plays an important role in improving organizational performance. But, improving organizational performance does not solely rely on the accumulation of organizational commitment; a number of other channels may also contribute to it. Additionally, the results of this study may serve as a reference to help the management staff of Taiwan-listed family businesses with their strategic thinking when considering improving employee loyalty, organizational citizenship behavior, and organizational commitment, and hopefully improving their organizational performance as a result.

Employee Loyalty, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Organizational Commitment, Organizational Performance

Increase the role of specialists of an information system department to increase the productivity of an organization

SHAIKH SHARIFUL HABIB

The information system department consists of different types of specialists, such as system analysts, project leaders, information system managers and programmers. They have some traditional activities in an organizations. If their roles can be increased more effectively in favor of an organization, the organization will be more productive. In this paper I will briefly discuss to show an improved way of activities of these types of specialists.

knowledge management, information system manager, project leader, data warehouse, intranets, internets.

Job description and Job specification: A study of selected Organizations in Sri Lanka

DR.T.MANGALESWARAN AND MRS. KIRTHIGA KIRUSHANTHAN

Human resource professionals and consultants use job descriptions and job specifications as basic building blocks for many human resource (HR) functions, including recruitment and hiring, performance evaluations, and salary ranges. Some organizations not maintain the job description and job specification. They don’t know importance of them. This research explore whether they practice, how to maintain the job descriptions & job specifications, what is the content of the job description and specification in the selected Sri Lankan organization. This study demonstrated that the job specifications and job descriptions look different from one another jobs of selected 18 organizations in Sri Lanka.
. The researcher collected response from 18 organizations. The main tool of the study was interview guidelines. The data collected from the Owners or HR Managers of the organization via Interview. The secondary data also collected via review of the job analysis information. The Qualitative analyses were conducted.

This study reveals that organizations practice job description and specification at different level based on the organization size and type

Job description, Job specification.

Emerging Management Support System for Global Economy

SHAIKH SHARIFUL HABIB

Now is the age of Internet. We can’t think anything without Internet. Business is very competitive now a days. Business organizations play an important role in Global Economy. We make the business organizations automated and use Information and Communication Technology. We use different software tools to make our business more effective considering different performance indicators such as profitability, efficiency to stand strongly in global marketplace. Management Support System (MSS) plays an important role in this regard. But  traditional or old MSS should be changed by new emerging technologies. This paper describes how and why to apply emerging technologies in Management Support System (MSS).

standard operation procedures (SOP), enterprise resource planning (ERP), supply chain management (SCM), customer relationship management (CRM), knowledge management (KM), e-commerce, m-commerce.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE DOCTRINE OF JIHAD IN ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE

MOHAMMED S. JAJERE

There is a huge difference between Jihad, Holy War and terrorism but because of lack of in-depth knowledge of the Islamic laws, many married the three concepts together. The event of Sept. 11, 2001 and the recent attacks by Isil has brought so many contentious issues about the laws of Islam especially laws of war. This essay will analyse between the concept of jihad, holy war and that of terrorism.

Jihad, Terrorism, Quran, Islam, Law

Problems posed by Information Systems and their solutions

SHAIKH SHARIFUL HABIB

Information systems play a major rule in an organization especially in a business organization. But if it does not work significantly, an organization faces different types of severe problems. In this paper I have mentioned some problems posed by Information Systems especially in business organizations and tried to give solutions by mentioning a model. By analyzing this model, information technology professionals can expand this model as a researchable entity.

organizational change managelment (OCM), effective cost, long term system, scalable, enterprise resource planning (ERP), supply chain management (SCM), customer relationship management (CRM)

FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY OF THE HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OF THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN ROMANIA

VALENTIN IONUŢ PANEA

In all organizations, the people are the key resource, the vital energy of today and tomorrow, ensuring the survival, development and competitive future success. All the organizations and the links established between them are forming the modern society we currently live in. The Public Administration in Romania is currently passing a transformation period and in order to increase the satisfaction and correctly supply the needs of the tax payers, the Human Resource Management needs to improve fast. In order to research the Human Resource Management of the Romanian Public Administration, there were issued questionnaires to 41 cities and communes from the Ilfov County. On one hand there were questions that helped to better sketch a picture of the current standing, but also generate hints for future development and improvement techniques. In addition there were 4 interviews with 3 city mayors and the President of the Ilfov County Council. The results were quite surprising and in the context of Romania being already a member of the European Union, there is still a long way to go for the improvement but also for reaching some basic European standards. Romania is still a country were the political aspect predominates in the field of the Public Administration and the professional background of a person is not fully promoted. It would be interesting to conduct a follow up survey after 2 years and after comparing the results, to analyse the evolution of the improving of the Human Resource Management in the Public Sector.

Public Administration, Human Resource Management, European Union, Public Servant, Public Policy, Public Strategy, Budget.

Strategy for the improvement of business to business (B2B) e-commerce

SHAIKH SHARIFUL HABIB

B2B e-commerce defines e-commerce that takes place between organizations. Trade is global: companies do business with other companies in countries all over the world. Common estimates are that somewhere between 85 and 90 percent of commerce expenditure are in the B2B space. But B2B e-commerce can be maintained in more effective way considering cost, time etc. In this paper I have tried to give better idea of how to overcome different limitations in managing the B2B e-commerce.

chief executive officer (CEO), enterprise resource planning (ERP), supply chain management (SCM), customer relationship management (CRM), transaction processing system (TPS)

ANALYSIS TO THE STATUS OF PALESTINIAN REFUGEES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW

                                                  Mohammed S. Jajere

This paper analysed the sources of law that constitute the basis of the refugee law and confined its focus on the 1951 Convention for the status of Palestinian refugees especially Article 1(A-F). The paper also outlined and analysed the unique position of the Palestinian refugees, its implication and a proper solution to the Palestinian refugees under international law.