beSMART

UMURENGE SACCO AS A TOOL FOR FINANCIAL INCLUSION

A Case Study of Nyaruguru District, Rwanda

Dr kerosi Josephat Bosire, Iyikirenga Mukara Remy, Dr Msaki, Juda Leonard

The purpose of this  study entitled Umurenge Savings and Credit cooperatives ( SACCO) as a tool for  financial inclusion in Rwanda (case study of Nyaruguru District )  was to investigate the  factors affecting  the financial inclusion of  these Microfinance Finance Institutions (MFIs) adopted in 2009  by  the government of Rwanda as an instrument   for financial inclusion. The research used quantitative data analysis. The survey was selected because of  its appropriateness  in  obtaining  the  required  quantity  of  data  in  running quantitative analysis. The research tool was the questionnaire. The target population was the elected SACCO’s leaders (Boards of Directors and supervisory committee members) of the 14 Umurenge SACCOs. Following the Rwandan cooperative law, there are for each SACCO, 7 members of Boards of Directors and 3members of Supervisory Committee. The research used a probability sampling. The sample size was 90 elected leaders from 10 SACCOs. The researcher both used primary and secondary data collection method. The secondary information source included collection and analysis of data from report, published material and information from the Rwanda Cooperation Agency (RCA)  and the National Bank of Rwanda (NBR). The researcher used descriptive analysis to study the distribution of the variables. The study makes the following key contributions to knowledge in addition to determining   factors   affecting   the financial inclusion of Umurenge SACCO; First, a clear guidance to an innovative approach programme to implement national policies and strategies to achieve the MDGs and Vision 2020; which will facilitate  the transformation of the current impoverished Rwanda to a middle income country and a financial services center in the region. Second, this analysis presented the findings of an innovative participatory consultation that can be used to directly underpin and inform any local financial inclusion initiative. Finally, this work showed that Umurenge SACCO can be an appropriate instrument for financial inclusion if the following key challenges are addressed : Strengthening SACCO management in terms of functions such as administration, governance and accountability; Ensuring that SACCOs have the facilities and equipment needed to facilitate their activities; Providing a broader base of products and services specifically designed to meet the needs of all SACCOs, members including the poorest of poor and Putting in place measures aimed at consumer protection.

Microfinance Institution, cooperatives, voluntary association, financial Inclusion

In the current time undoubtedly increases the importance of project management. Development of companies is characterized by permanent stealing of product life cycles and changes in production processes. Others factors which contributing the growth of importance of project management is global competition, explosion of knowledge, increasing of focus on customer etc. More and more computation of companies use project in their activities and become project oriented. Projects are not just only tools for solving complex problems but also new strategic options for the design of organizational structure of society. The presented article is concerned with position of project culture in project-oriented company. It describes the corporate culture and design, the relationship between them; solve importance of project culture for successful implementation of project management philosophy. Very important part of article is analysis of the current state of design culture in the Czech project-oriented companies. The article comes from integration of two key areas of learning – theory and practice of project management. The primary objective is confirmation of hypothesis H1: Project culture is rooted in all levels of the hierarchy of project-oriented society is prerequisite for successful project management but fully developed project culture exists at less than 20% companies which operate on Czech market.

critical success factors, culture of project oriented society, project oriented society.

STATIONARY AGENTS COMMUNICATION COMPLAINT WITH THE FOUNDATION FOR INTELLEGENT PHYSICAL AGENTS SPECIFICATIONS

Dhuha Basheer Abdullah, Manar Talaat Ahmed

This paper describes a fundamental characteristic of multi-agent systems, which is individual agents, communicate and interact.The focused in this research on the communication between stationary agents (non-mobile agents), this accomplished through the exchange of messages and, to understand each other, it is crucial agents agree on the format and semantic of these messages. JADE chosen (Java Agent DEvelopment framework) as a software framework to facilitate the development of the stationary agents-based applications in compliance with the FIPA (Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents) specifications for interoperable intelligent multi-agent systems. We are adopting the stationary agents to engage the activities usually encountered in a real e-commerce environment in simplified form to show the role of the communication that can be provided by the stationary agents in this environment.

FIPA (Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents), JADE (Java Agent DEvelopment framework), MAS (Multi-Agent System), Stationary Agent, DF (Directory Facilitator), ACL (Agent Communication Language), speech-act theory.

RE-INVENTING BATIK: ZEOLITE ENGINEERED PORE STRUCTURE AS RESOURCE OF

CONTEMPORARY
BATIK SYSTEM

Yan Yan Sunarya, Alvanov Z. Mansoor, Dian Widiawati, Chandra Tresnadi, Fajar Ciptandi, Veinardi Suendo, Rino Mukti

Batik as one of intagible cultural heritage of the world, has developed in art, science and technology collaboration phase. Batik motifs as well as zeolite molecular stuctures share similarity in its richness of variants and modules. Those aspects become the potential resource to elaborate new Batik that applies molecular zeolite structures and state of origins. This is an experimental action research of batik and chemist researchers to develop new batik designs and motifs as well as new technology in batik production through multiple disciplines approach in art, craft, and science. This research is conducted through form morphology and adaptation analysis to find its similarity as the benchmarking for contemporary batik zeolit motifs and design development system. The research purpose is to widen the boundaries of cultural and technological collaboration in order to enrich creative economy of Indonesia and never been done before.

action research, batik, creative economy, zeolite

PULSE RATE BEFORE AND AFTER YO-YO 2 TEST AT YOUNG FOOTBALLERS AND DECIDING CHANGES AT SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS

Mihri Barış KARAVELİOĞLU, Halit HARMANCI, Alparslan ÜNVEREN

Aim of the study is to research into Yo-Yo2 interlaced recovery test effect on young footballers’ heart rate values and some blood parameters (blood lactate, Ph, sodium (Na), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca)).
12 male footballers whose average of age is 17.58 ± 0.66 year, average of height is 174.5 ± 7.83 cm and average of body weight is 63.66 ± 7.59 kg and who combat at U-19 amateur league, participate into the research as voluntarily.  After and before Yo-Yo 2 test, footballers’ blood, lactate, Ph, Na, K and Ca values are detected via finger stick. During the test, sportsmen’s pulse rate values are recorded by polar watch. Paired sample t test is used to define differences between participant sportsmen’s blood, lactate, Ph, Na, K and Ca values before and after the test.
Our results showed that while there was no statistically significant difference between the values of PCO2 and PO2 (p>0,05), a significant difference was evident as regards the blood lactate, pH, Na, Ca and K values (p<0,05).

Yo-yo 2 Intermittent Recovery Test, Heart Rate, Some Blood Parameters.

ENTRENCHED QUANTITATIVE LITERATURE: AN EMPIRICAL QUESTIONING PARADIGM FOR GROWTH VIS-À-VIS POVERTY ECONOMICS IN TANZANIA

                Dr Msaki, Juda Leonard, Dr kerosi Josephat Bosire, Msaki, Juda Leonard

The current paper aims at creating curious questioning effect and attitude to the readers as suggested by the anther not to challenge available Growth Poverty linkages and theoretical grounds, but to simulate a reversal review of available documented literature to modernize perception and articulation of poverty – growth linkages at the macro – macro level for Tanzania. The world is changing so as to the variables and parameters within. For example there is conceptual and empirical evidence that generate a clear picture on association between poverty reduction and intergenerational mobility out of rural structures into more urban structure ……. The question here is why and how can we reverse the trend and get solution after having the evidence and theoretical grounds? Anders Danielson (2004) argued that, “The relation between economic growth and poverty reduction displays wide variation across countries and over time that are not easily explained by simply examining the income distribution of the poor”. Does poverty need a quantitative level to start solving its problem on growth levels? Why growth has been perceived as the key to poverty solution instruments? Through various official literatures in Tanzania and elsewhere, it appears that, despite strong and sustained growth rates since 2000, only slight in household income poverty have been achieved. The so-called “Entrenched – Intellectual Questioning literature” dominates the policy drive on several matters of national concern, but usually lacks the positive courage to proceed from theory to practice …. This appears to be a working hypothesis of the present literature and its advocacy … Are our models working? …….. Msaki J. L. (2009)

Poverty, Innovation, growth, Philosophy, transformation, poverty, GDP, Model DJ, structuralism, dynamics, growth rate(g), Kaleckis model Inflation, Unemployment, Quantitative, Qualitative, Pandemic Poverty Elasticity, Mkukuta, Debate, Development Forum.